Informative Speech Outline - 820 Words

Welcome to the Furman Playhouse lobby! Prepare for the adventure of a lifetime squeezed into the few minutes before your IF/THEN experience. There is really nothing to it; you will be presented with a situation with some choices. Make that decision, and follow the string attached to your choice, it will lead you to another situation. Just repeat that over, and over and over until well†¦ Spoiler alert we all end up in the same place. But to avoid any existential crises we will just end with â€Å"Enjoy the show.† Thank you for choosing to spend your evening/afternoon engaging with IF/THEN. It is your senior year at Furman University you are about to graduate with a degree in Theatre Arts and Computer Science. You have two job offers:†¦show more content†¦You get to the front counter. You order your beverage. The attractive barista asks your name. After you respond, the barista says â€Å"Number?† â€Å"I’m sorry?† You respond. â€Å"Your phone number† they say, with a smirk. â€Å"Is this a new store policy?† You ask. â€Å"No, I just really wanted your digits.† â€Å"Is isn’t it customary to write your number on my cup?† You ask. â€Å"I like to take my fate into my own hands.† They respond. What do you do? A.) Whip out a pen and scribble your number on a napkin. B.) Smile, take your drink, and walk away. You’ve not even left Deja Brew three minutes when your phone buzzes you look down and it’s from†¦..well it’s a text from an unknown number. The text reads: ‘Date?’ What do you type back? A.) Nothing or a ‘No thank you’, either way you make it clear it’s not going to happen. B.) I don’t even know your name. C.) Yes. They respond ‘Jamie†¦..Date?’ You respond with: A.) No, you don’t trust anyone named Jamie. B.) You respond with this: This type of date? C.) Yes You’ve walked away from Deja Brew, and your potential boo. When you are about one and half blocks away the unthinkable happens. You are sneezed on! You ask around if anyone has some disinfectant. They do not. Do you run back into Deja Brew and beg the barista for some PURELL ®? (Or the knock-off germ-murdering equivalent) A.) You bet your If/Then ticket I do, the last thing I need isShow MoreRelatedInformative Speech Outline802 Words   |  4 PagesInformative Speech Outline I. Introduction A. Thanks 1. Thanks professor Tuckerman for the introduction. B. Salutation 1. Good afternoon ladies and gentlemen. C. Ethos 1. What increases heart rate, causes sleep disturbance, makes people cry, act violent, makes some people sleep more and causes untold aches and pains? It s Wednesday! Six hours of homework to do, babysit the little sister, feed the dog, cut the grass, oh and lets not forget your boyfriend is being a jerkRead MoreInformative Speech Outline2182 Words   |  9 Pageswithout stating to whom these ideas or statements belong to. A student suspected of plagiarism can be given a zero mark, and possibly fail the entire course. Assessment: Impromptu speech 10% Informative speech (15% speech, 5% outline) 20% Show and Tell Poster Session (10% speech, 10% poster) 20% Assignment : Group Interaction 10% Final Examination 40% __________________________________________________________________ Total 100% Read MoreInformative Speech Outline1598 Words   |  7 PagesSamantha Audiffred Honors Comm 110 Marieke Spiegelhoff Informative Speech Outline 25 February 2015 Audience Analysis ( ½ page)   Ã‚  Ã‚   The target audience for the informative speech is the honors communication 110 class and the professor. The class makeup is eight males and twelve females for the 20 students. This is a required course for all students attending UW-Whitewater; therefore, the majors and interests of the students will vary greatly. After an activity polling the class, the most popular ofRead MoreInformative Speech : Speech Outline937 Words   |  4 PagesEmily Murray Informative Speech Outline General Purpose: To Inform Specific Purpose: To inform my audience how Communication Technology is now the face to face human communication; instant, easily accessible and more convenient but you lose a sense of warmth and meaning when all your communication is conducted electronically. Central idea: Humans have always communicated face-to-face and the use of technology poses cognitive obstacles to communication. The lack of human presence during technology-mediatedRead MoreOutline Informative Speech1491 Words   |  6 PagesNAME : Syifa Fadhilah Hamid CLASS : 12 DBM SUBJECT : Outline Informative Speech SPECIFIC PURPOSE : to inform my audience about Deja Vu CENTRAL IDEA : to inform my audience about the theory of Deja Vu. Including what, how and the effect about Deja Vu . INTODUCTION: Attention Getter : I can’t remember any things well while I thought something happened to me, I feel like I ever seen something but I don’t know when it was or where it was. And I also feel like I’ve been somewhere but I don’tRead MoreInformative Speech : Speech Outline1006 Words   |  5 PagesInformative Speech Final Draft Outline I. Introduction A. Attention getter: How many you have ever had a car accident or someone you care about had a car accident? B. Background and Audience Relevance: According to National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, in 2015, about thirty-five hundred people were killed, and four hundred thousand were injured in car crashes. Oral Citation 1: NHTSA, govt website, 2015. C. Speaker credibility: Many of my close family members have been in car accidentsRead MoreOutline Informative Speech1502 Words   |  7 PagesNAME : Syifa Fadhilah Hamid CLASS : 12 DBM SUBJECT : Outline Informative Speech SPECIFIC PURPOSE : to inform my audience about Deja Vu CENTRAL IDEA : to inform my audience about the theory of Deja Vu. Including what, how and the effect about Deja Vu . INTODUCTION: Attention Getter : I can’t remember any things well while I thought something happened to me, I feel like I ever seen something but I don’t know when it was or where it was. And I also feel like I’ve been somewhere but I don’t know whenRead MoreInformative Speech Outline1175 Words   |  5 PagesInformative Speech Outline Speech 131 Author’s Note: This research is being submitted for Title: Taxes Made Easy! Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about how to use the 1040EZ tax form. Central Idea: Today, I hope to make tax season easier for you by demonstrating to you how easy it is to fill out and file the 1040EZ income tax form, if you qualify. Introduction Stanton Delaplane once joked about the IRS, saying he heard it had suggested a simplified tax form with onlyRead MoreInformative Speech : Speech Outline1066 Words   |  5 PagesInformative Speech Outline I. Introduction a. Attention Material a. Raise your hand if you have or are currently working retail. b. According to Quentin Fottrell, from Market Watch, â€Å"Nearly 4 out of 5 U.S. students†¦ work while in school.† b. Tie to Audience a. Many of you have most likely experienced working retail or know someone who has. c. Credibility a. I recently worked 9 months in Bath and Body Works, so I am well aware of all of the horrors of working in retail. d. Thesis a. Working inRead MoreInformative Speech Outline1104 Words   |  5 PagesBCOM-3950 October 21, 2015 Informative speech outline Specific Purpose: To inform the audience how to enhance credibility when making conversation at work-related social events. Central Idea: To inform my classmates how to enhance credibility when making conversation at work-related social event by engaging in a conversation, being honesty, and keep confidences. Introduction: I. Today I would like to inform you on how to enhance your credibility when making conversation at work-related

The Myers Briggs Type Indicator - 1197 Words

The Myers-Briggs type indicator is a test that is designed to look for a psychological preference on how are seen in the world and how they make a decision. In essence allows on to see what kind of leader they are. The MBTI was created by Katharine Briggs and Isabel Myers. The way the test works is are you have answered the questions you will receive a 4 letter personality type. This will then correspond with a full breakdown of your personality type. Providing a very useful information. I conducted a version of this test online, in which my results came up to be an INTP. INTP stands for Introverts, intuitive, thinking, and perceiving. Define (in your case) what each letter stands for1 The breakdown of my results of INTP includes†¦show more content†¦I feel that I can relate to that very well, there has been many times where I have â€Å"zoned out† thinking of something else. Overall, I would describe myself as easy-going and reserved as long as everything is going smoothly and fairly, and not wanting to make a spectacle of myself. I feel that my result agrees with me 100%. One area that I found was extremely accurate is in the concern category. A major concern for INTPs is that there is a haunting sense of approaching failure and that they spend a considerable time second-guessing themselves. That is something that I struggle with all the time. From major decision to small ones. I look back at my actions for the last month and can pick out many times where I have second-guess myself, just to make sure my answer or method is correct. Many of the times it has been correct it now more just a habit for me than a real rhythm or reason. How do you feel you differ from the MBTI description of yourself? There is not much that I think is wrong from the MBTI description of myself. The description of the INTP is very accurate to me and the more I look at it the more it becomes prevalent that it is correct. One thing that I find slightly different is the recurring theme that INTP’s have an obsession with logical correctness which might lead to overlooking details. I agree that this is

DNA Free Essays

Long stands of double helical DNA can fit into the nucleus of a single cell because DNA is specially packaged through a series of compaction events to fit easily within cell nuclei. Even though the length of DNA per cell is about 100,000 times as long as the cell itself, it only takes up only about 10 percent of the cell’s volume. The DNA molecule, in order to condense, wraps itself around groups of histone proteins, and then the chromatin folds back on it, nucelosomes pack together to create a compact, protein-coated fiber, and the fiber coils to shorten further into an extended chromosome. We will write a custom essay sample on DNA or any similar topic only for you Order Now Finally, the coiled fiber organizes into loops coming from a central axis, creating a condensed, X-shaped chromosome. 2.Why is a sport drink used to collect the cheek cells instead of water? Sports drink which is saline solution contains sodium chloride which makes the solution compatible with osmotic environment of the cells. The sports drink prevents the cells from breaking open and releasing their DNA before they are collected. If water was used, it would be hypotonic to the cells causing them osmosis and eventually burst. 3.What does the cell lysis solution do to the cells’ membranes? It dissolves the phospholipids bilayer of cell membrane by forming water soluble complexes with them 4.How does the DNA in the cell lysate become visible?  It becomes visible when ethanol is added. Since DNA is insoluble in ethanol, it cannot be incorporated into the liquids. Ethanol hits the cell lysate which cause the DNA to precipitate out of the solution, forming a cloud of stringy fibers at where ethanol and cell lysate meet. 5.Why can you see the extracted DNA with the naked eye?  I can see the extracted DNA with the naked How to cite DNA, Essay examples

Selection and Hiring Process Prime things for Every Organisation

Question: Describe about theSelection and Hiring Process and Prime things for Every Organisation. Answer: Introduction Hiring the employees within the organisation is the prime things for every organisation. To maintain the work environment and work culture suitable for the organisational mission and vision achievement, the management needs to aware about the proper selection and hiring process within the organisation (Arthur, 2001). Zappos is one of the largest online clothing and accessories stores and the organisation mainly focused on the work culture and the values of the organisation. The CEO of the organisation, Mr. Tony also highlighted that to hire the new employees the management of the organisation needs to aware about the companies values and ethics and their main values within the organisation is to create Fun and little weirdness. Recruitment policy for Zappos To recruit the new employees within the organisation, the management of Zappos relies on the referral and different consultancy services that provide most effective candidate for them. The main recruitment policy of Zappos focuses on the hiring the best potential employees in their business process. To help and give confidence to the employees it creates more potential among them for performing well for the organisation (Hunt, 2007). The main policy for the organisation is to provide better customer service and relationship, due to the high competitive market in the online and physical store. Selection and Recruitment Steps of Zappos To select the suitable candidate for their business process, the management of Zappos relies on the following steps in their interview process. At the initial stage of the interview the management conducted a social test for the candidates. By the help of this social test, the management understand how the candidate can be effectual for the companies culture and values after hiring. In this process of the recruitment the management also focuses on the team work of the individuals. To evaluate the candidates behaviour and the performance and to test the culture fit within the organisation, this interview process is quite effective for the organisation. After the social test in their selection process the management of the organisation mainly relies on the Nice Guy test process. To screening the candidate for the ultimate tests, this step is quite helpful for the organisation. To analyse the candidate, the management spend whole day with the candidate and manage to focus on their behav iour and the culture of the individual (Klinvex, O'Connell, Klinvex, 1999). After making hiring decision the management relies on their recruitment process by service test in the business process of Zappos. The main aim of the organisation Zappos is to provide high level of customer care service in their business to make an effective outcome in their competitive market. In their hiring process the management provide on job training session for their candidate. Minimum 4 weeks training session has been provided to look and analyse how the candidate can handle their customer and how they fulfil the needs of the customers. After analysing the on job training session the management of Zappos conducted last stage of their selection which is known as ultimate test process. In this interview stage the candidate is selected on their performance of 4 weeks training and after the successful completion of the training session the individuals paid 3000 dollar. The final hiring of the individua l is depends on their customer meets. If the individual cannot connect with the organisational culture then the individual did not pick for their recruitment process. Assessment of the selection methods By adopting the selection methods for the organisation, it creates more and effective customer relationship in their business. To sustain in the competitive market, Zappos needs to follow their main mission and vision (Yeung, 2011). By focusing on the culture of the candidate, it creates more effective work culture and environment within the organisation and it helps also the co-workers to share their information and data with the others which leads better customer satisfaction for the Zappos. By adopting the effective legal and regulation in their selection process, it creates less inequality within the workplace. Due to the less discrimination in their hiring process on gender, race and other issues it provides effective work outcomes for the organisation. Conclusion From the above study it can be depicts that the organisation Zappos considered a well balanced hiring process, by which they can easily meet the customers need and requirement which leads them a profitable income in their business process. Due to the more focus on the values and the culture within the business, it creates more customer caring responsibility at Zappos. References Arthur, D. (2001). The employee recruitment and retention handbook. New York: AMACOM. Hunt, S. (2007). Hiring success. San Francisco: Wiley. Klinvex, K., O'Connell, M., Klinvex, C. (1999). Hiring great people. New York: McGraw-Hill. Yeung, R. (2011). Successful interviewing and recruitment. London: Kogan Page.

History of NATO free essay sample

These talks led to NATO, signed in Washington D. C. NATO members obligation in case of an attack They agreed upon that NATO member being attacked are considered as attacks against them all. Consequently they agreed that, in case of such an attack, each of them will do whatever it takes to restore and maintain the security. But this does not actually mean that the members will respond with military actions, since they dont have to. (As opposed to the Treaty of Brussels which clearly stated that they have to aid militarily.Further, NATO has only to help above the Tropic of Cancer. Which explains their non- interfere during the Falklands War. ) SATANG The creation of NATO also brought along some standardization regarding military terminology, procedures and technology. To name one example, they used consistent. Cold War So during the Cold War 3 main events happened. Firstly, the Korean War in 1950, which raised the threat level since all Communist countries were suspected to be in cahoots together. We will write a custom essay sample on History of NATO or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page So in this connection, there was the Lisbon conference in 1 952 for an expansion of NATO divisions. 1954, the Soviet Union suggested to join NATO. But NATO, fearing that the Soviet Unions motive was to weaken the alliance, rejected this proposal. One year later, in 1 955, West Germany entered the alliance, based on the face that without Germanys manpower it would be impossible to field enough forces to resist a Soviet invasion. One good turn deserves another. O the immediate and formal response was the creation of the Warsaw pact signed by Soviet Union, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Albania, Romania, Poland, Bulgaria and of course East Germany. French withdrawal He didnt accept NATO being an instrument of American interests, or at least hats what he perceived. President of France from 1 958 onwards, Charles De Gaulle, protested the United States role as too strong and therefore send a memorandum to President Eisenhower where he argued for a tripartite directorate.Considering that he would get a negative response he took following actions: Building of an independent defense of his country Also he step-by-step removed all French troops from NATO command In 1959 he withdrew all Mediterranean Fleets from NATO command Also stationing foreign nuclear weapons was banned by De Gaulle Removed all Handel fleets from NATO command All armed French forces were removed from NATO command -? and all non- French NATO troop s were asked to leave France.Dtenet On 1 July 1 968, the Nuclear Non-Proliferation opened for signature: NATO argued that its nuclear sharing arrangements did not breach the treaty, since U. S. Controls them until a decision was made. They are not being used arbitrarily. Also in 1 978 NATO countries officially defined 2 aims of the alliance. And this was matching defenses at the level rendered by the Warsaw paces capabilities but without spurring an arms race. Escalation There were tension between the Soviet Union and the US, so NATO decided to deploy Perishing II and cruise missiles primarily in West Germany.NATO maneuvered a simulating nuclear launch in November 1983, which caused panic in Kremlin(Russians). Now the Soviet union concerned that this was the beginning of a genuine first strike. So, in response, they readied air units in East Germany and Poland on alert. Post Cold War After the Cold War and the dissolution of the Warsaw pact in 1991 Antas main adversary was removed. So, this caused a re-evaluation of Natty repose. Any. N. Ray, in practice this ended up being a (still ongoing) expansion of NATO to Eastern Europe.

Hitler was a weak dictator Essays

Hitler was a weak dictator Essays Hitler was a weak dictator Essay Hitler was a weak dictator Essay Hitler was always seen as a very strong dictator but he did have several weaknesses as a leader. For instance it was widely known that Hitler was lazy and spent much of the day sleeping and eating. Historical sources inform us that he wasnt very interested in policy discussions. Frequently far away from Berlin, spent a lot of time in his villa, the Berghof. Hitler also encouraged others to make decisions on his behalf by letting them interpret his original details. On some occasions it was fair to go as far as saying that Hitler was unwilling to make decisions. Mommsen said; Hitler was unwilling to take decisions, frequently uncertain, exclusively concerned with upholding his prestige and personal authority, influenced in the strongest fashion by his current followers, in some respects a weak dictator. Hitlers style of control is known as polycratic meaning that there were many different bodies. If a problem emerged, then Hitler would often just set up a new body. Also, Hitler may have made some long standing Nazis a bit disappointed since they thought that he would simply promote them to high ranking positions such as civil servants. However, Hitler often kept the old Weimar civil servants. Hitler saw loyalty in personal not institutional terms; this is why he did not mind the leading Nazis such as Goering or Goebbels building up their own personal power because he always thought inevitably they would always be loyal to him. He like the quarrels they had amongst themselves because Hitler was a strong believer in survival of the fittest. Also many people would argue that the method of control could be described as chaotic. This can be interpreted as showing Hitler as a weak dictator because there was a major overlapping of bodies which meant that it was very unclear who had the responsibility of making certain sectors work. The confusion seemed to be caused by the nature of Hitlers leadership, i. e. everyone relying on the leader. The fact that there wasnt a real power structure made things a lot less efficient. My final words on the subject of Hitlers weaknesses are as follows: Many of Hitlers ideas were not very rational. He was an opportunist who wanted to constantly increase his own personal power. Hitler did not have much effective opposition in the Third Reich; he was cautious of all his possible opponents but was not completely able to dictate proceedings. All the confusion simply arose from the nature of Hitlers leadership and was certainly not deliberate policy. Also completely unrelated events and decisions such as the Holocaust can be used to examine Hitler and his decision-making, for example many historians such as Ian Kershaw believe that ideas such as the mass extermination of Jews developed from the mass radicalisation within the Nazi regime and the outside influence of events such as the World war. Finally all the confusion due to his leadership was not planned. It was not a deliberate policy. However, Hitler did have many strengths and qualities of a strong dictator. For example his methods of consolidating his power were very effective and minimised future opposition. He inflicted horror and fear over potentially rebellious characters, and killed his opponents such as Ernst Rohm. Hitler was also a good orator and therefore could easily persuade ordinary German people to agree with his views. Also he seemed to have all the answers to Germanys problems. He solved the economic problem and almost created full employment. He seemed to have something to offer every single German. Also looking at sources around the time, admittedly they may be fixed or altered such as the many plebiscites, where the Nazis always seemed to achieve an overwhelming majority landslide victory. This can be used as evidence of Hitlers popularity and therefore possibly his power as a dictator. Also simply the fact that Hitler dominated Germany from 1933 to 1945 shows that he was a strong dictator. Also, the new way in which laws were passed, Hitler would state his wishes or maybe even simply his officials interpretations would serve as laws. Hitlers power and strength as a dictator was based on his unique relationship with the German people. His will was absolute because it was the will of the people. This is crucial evidence because that statement is very strong and shows just the sheer amount of power Hitler has and he is a very strong dictator who has complete power. There were no constitutional restraints on him. After so many years of such weak dictatorship, many Germans desired a strong leader, a Messiah. Helped by successful policies and the super effective propaganda machine in Goebbels Hitler achieved the Messiah type image throughout the Third Reich known as the Hitler myth. Also, there is the issue of decision-making in Germany. Many people claim that because Hitler did not really get involved in decision-making and was often unwilling to make decisions that he was a weak dictator. However, it can be argued that because he didnt have to make any decisions this can be reflective of just how powerful he was and just how much of a strong dictator he was since he never even had to make any decisions. The Fuhrer system meant that there was no need for a formal power or decision-making structure; Hitlers will was law. Rich said; The point cannot be stressed too strongly; Hitler was master in the Third Reich. Bracher agreed with this stating; The omnipotent power of the Fuhrer, abrogating (breaking) all state and legal norms and sanctioning (authorising) all deeds, was basic law of the Third Reich. All those who believe that Hitler was a strong dictator would argue so because of the following ideas; Hitler had clear aims especially those associated with anti-Semitism, anti-Bolshevism and Lebensraum. Hitler had extreme amounts of power and was able to apply his aims successfully. Hitler aimed to eradicate the Jews and due to his strength as a dictator was eventually able to do so. Finally Nazism can be seen as Hitlerism because it was totally dependent on Hitler, his decisions, his power and his views. All the other factors that seem to make us believe that Hitler was a strong dictator are stated as follows: Hitler is the key activator of all the successes within the Nazi party. Most of the Nazi policies are reflective of Hitlers overall vision. And crucially there is no effective opposition to his will. My final conclusion on whether Hitler was a strong dictator or a weak dictator is as follows. Even though Hitler was often uninvolved in decision-making and that this could be seen as a factor for him being a weak dictator. But at the same time it can exemplify his immense power. To maintain the figure of him being an absolute dictator he could not be seen dealing with small irrelevant arguments between lower-ranking party members. For most of the time his subordinates competed with one another to work towards the Fuhrer. Whenever Hitler did intervene he was completely unchallenged. Thus with this factor and the others stated previously I believe that Hitler was a strong dictator who at times was seen as weak because of his ineffectiveness and unwillingness to deal with all party issues.

A contrast between Shakespeare's 'Romeo and Juliet' and the film Essay

A contrast between Shakespeare's 'Romeo and Juliet' and the film version directed by Franco Zeffirelli 1968 - Essay Example In the play, Romeo is in the process of recovering after being jilted by Rosaline (Act 1, Scene 1, Line 155). A rejected lover’s instinctive reaction is to find another love as soon as possible, and Romeo does this, becoming amorously involved with Juliet. The movie however does not depict or refer to Rosaline at all, thereby not laying the foundation as to why Romeo became involved with Juliet. The second difference is discernable in the portrayal of the lovers’ mood during the marriage scene. In the play, Romeo and Juliet are both in a serious mood, which is reflected by the way they speak (in Act II, Scene 6, Line 6 Romeo remarks that the Friar’s holy words were solemn enough to join his hand with Juliet’s in marriage. In the same scene {Lines 33/34 (http://www.tech.mit.edu/Shakespeare/romeo_juliet/full.html)}, Juliet declares that her love for Romeo has grown so much that she is not able to estimate even half of its rich value). In Zeffirelli’s movie the marriage scene is frivolous, with Romeo and Juliet shown kissing, cuddling and giggling all through it. The third difference is apparent in Juliet’s chamber during her funeral scene. In the play, although the Friar knows that Juliet is in fact not dead, still he maintains a deadpan expression throughout the funeral scene, properly condoling the Capulet family, telling them to dry their tears and prepare to bring Juliet’s body to the church for the last rites to be dispensed (Act IV, Scene 5, Lines 68-86 {http://www.tech.mit.edu/Shakespeare/ romeo_juliet/full.html}). In the movie, the Friar almost lets out the secret that Juliet is not dead by being unable to control a giggle; luckily none of the mourners notices what would seem to them a strange act on the part of the holy man (Zeffirelli, Franco. â€Å"Romeo and Juliet {1968}).† The last difference lies in the final scene when the real funerals of Romeo and Juliet take place. In the play, the Montague and Capulet families bury

Leadership Styles Of Director Of Social Services Dissertation - 1

Leadership Styles Of Director Of Social Services - Dissertation Example In 2011, the International Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics confirmed this, further adding that there is a crisis of leadership in nursing home practice because employment for care professionals in these institutions are often equated with low prestige, leading to inadequate supply of professionals capable of meeting the demands of nursing home residents (Tolson, et al., p. 185). This trend is unfortunate because studies demonstrate that knowledgeable and effective leaders are critical in addressing challenges in the operation of a healthcare establishment such as those related to organizational culture and structure (Grabowski et al., (2010). There is an increase in scholarly attention with respect to the relationship between leadership style and the quality of nursing care, but empirical studies are still in their infancy. This theme is, of course, comprehensively covered in other fields, particularly in business and healthcare industry. However, there is an imperative for specificity. Effective social services administration calls for a model or a standard leadership framework that would lead to the identification of managerial abilities, strategies, and behavior that positively impacts the incidence and quality of organizational/institutional outcomes. So the question of interest involves whether leadership style(s) positively impacts the well-being of nursing home residents. Research indicates that substantive control by the administrative leader on the care, quality, and services have the significant impact on the psychosocial well-being of nursing home residents (Allen, 2008). Success in nursing home care depends on the performance of the management team.

Carol Gilligan and Difference Feminism Research Paper

Carol Gilligan and Difference Feminism - Research Paper Example Psychological Theory and Women’s Development,† Gilligan makes a forceful dispute that psychology has scientifically rejected women in attempting to answer questions about how human beings make moral judgments, and claims the pre-existence and significance of different voices which involve feminine, relationship, and emotional-oriented in moral reasoning. In the book, Gilligan (11-35) provides an immediate sensation that is embraced by the newly developed studies on women. The moral psychology as explained in the book straddles both philosophy and psychology by evaluating human’s approaches to ethical dilemmas. Whilst ethical reasoning is a generic human skill, psychologists assume that women and men differ. They provide assumptions that reign well for many centuries. In her book, Gilligan provides many and major arguments. The most important involves human puzzle in the moral dilemma of the ethics of justice and ethics of care (Gilligan 99-100). Gilligan shows muc h care while writing moral orientation, which is not aligned with gender but on the empirical relationship between different voices and women. Gilligan (100-114) argues that men make decisions regarding personal rights, and through such views, Gilligan argues that women are responsible for other individuals. Because of such imprinting and improvable notions, Gilligan draws women view in terms of connectedness, whereas men are viewed with regards to separation. As such, Gilligan seeks to elevate the status of such connectedness where she focuses on several studies performed by her colleagues (Gilligan and Richards 77-90). Carol’s works emphasize on sex differences in moral reasoning. It also focuses on the violence perspective, the resolution of sexual conflicts, and the abortion decisions (Gilligan 411-417). These factors create greater challenges through the introduction of feminist perspective with respect to moral development.  

College English Multimodal Teaching and Autonomic Learning

College English Multimodal Teaching and Autonomic Learning Study on the Relationship between College English Multimodal Teaching and Autonomic Learning Keywords: English, multi-modal teaching, English teaching, autonomous learning, relevance. Abstract. University English multi-modal teaching model is an important trend in college English teaching reform. With the development of multimedia technology, multi-modal teaching PPT presentation can give students a variety of modes of cognitive stimulation in the classroom. By teaching examples experimental classes and control classes, study the relationship between college English multi-modal teaching and student learning performance between. Experimental results show that multi-modal teaching model conforms to the development trend of college English teaching, to maintain students interest in learning English, improve their English proficiency and efficiency of memory are related. Teachers should utilize multi-modal teaching methods to inspire students to a variety of modes of interaction, multi-modal students reading ability. Multi-modal teaching model has changed the traditional classroom teaching English writing mainly to textbooks as the main teaching content teaching. Writ ing in College English teaching, teachers take full advantage of modern media, with pictures, video and other modes of physical activity, the rational organization of teaching content and students are encouraged to write in after-school training and self-learning multi-modal under. Practice has proved that this teaching model to enhance the college English classroom teaching also has a strong practical significance. Introduction With globalization, the current classroom teaching cannot meet the development needs of students teachers need to actively develop the means to acquire new knowledge and information, access to more learning resources. Modern science and technology and the development of multi-modal theory, there are many new presentation of learning resources and information, such as the construction of online teaching and learning platform, multi-modal learning courseware development will be translated into new teaching methods, also will be the new teaching mode, teaching and learning methods in foreign language teaching is becoming possible, this way, foreign language teaching in multi-modal become a necessity. Therefore, not only teachers can take advantage of new educational technologies to improve teaching effectiveness, students can also take advantage of modern science and technology to search for new information resources, multimedia platform for independent learning and innovative practice. Multi-modal in foreign language learning in the field of application, so that learners by accepting the information perception, understanding, encoding and storage, the resulting input information and knowledge stored polyethylene while providing protection for the unconscious and conscious language output, thereby make language learning the formation of a virtuous circle. However, in the multi-modal and information age, especially in the era of knowledge explosion, classroom teaching alone cannot meet the needs of students knowledge and capabilities, urgent need to develop self-learning and multi-modal network learning, teachers should learn how to new age guide or guide student learning. Multimodal Discourse theory emerged in the 1990s, Western countries, Western researchers in critical discourse analysis, based on the research results of social semiotics, functional grammar system and the traditional discourse analysis and other fields evolved. Study abroad from the point of view, R.Barthes is the first multi-modal discourse analysis linguist, major aspects of the relationship from the expression of pictures and words to explore the significance of discourse analysis. In the high-tech and computer network popular today, teaching methods should also be with the times. College English classes in order to teach a lively, in order to attract students interest and attention, teachers need to have a wide range of teaching methods and skills, and to make such an extensive collection of pictures, video, animation and other information, design the new form the PPT, and flexible integration of multi-modal teaching methods to inspire students to a variety of modes of interaction, multimodal students reading ability.   Ã‚   Figure.1 Multimodal Teaching The Proposed Methodology Multi-modal teaching concepts.Humans through the five senses to perceive the vastness of the world, the perception of these five channels produced five communication modes: visual modal, modal auditory, tactile mode, smell and taste modal. The so-called modal refers to the human sensory channel through interaction with the external environment, including the use of language, images, sounds, movements and other means and symbolic resources. Two or more single mode constitute multi-modal, such as traditional text-text is single-mode, film, television with images, charts books, magazines, newspapers and other materials compared with multi-modal, and or audio on your computer, video, and subtitles are multimodal texts. So, we can say that each modality are symbolic resources, together, constitute the overall meaning. For example, dogs sense of smell through modal perceive the world; mainly through the visual modality deaf to communicate with people; blind listening to music, reading Braille rely on auditory and tactile modality; children and illiterate primarily through auditory and visual modality learn their mother tongue and many more. We experience the world from a variety of channels and we also will be the integration of a variety of sensory coordination. Multi-modal teaching belongs to the scope of multi-modal discourse between teachers and students to communicate in five different modes of communication and symbolic resources. The role of multi-modal PPT.With the widespread use of multimedia classrooms in universities, multi-modal presentation of the PPT can arouse students interest in learning objectives from a variety of sensory and symbolic resources, various modal information Courseware text, image, audio, video, etc. carrier carrying a large amount of text, extensions rich information on all aspects of the field of vision, extra-curricular knowledge, group activities, etc., and its hypertext, hyperlinks feature can fully mobilize the students various senses, encourage students to expand thinking, to deepen the impression and strengthen memory the goal of. Excellent multi-modal PPT information should not be too much, there must be focus and difficulty, students thinking to leave room for discussion. Courseware to form simple, elegant, not too fancy, because too much emphasis on the external form but will reduce students text content and meaning of the note, which have a negative impact on language acquisition. Multi-modal teaching PPT presentation slide show mode is not simply, but the method of teaching courseware and teacher and student learning characteristics combine to attract students interest in learning, and ultimately improve student achievement. Multimodal Discourse domestic research has just begun, for multi-modal teaching research less. I tried teaching the following examples explore different modalities in teaching roles and the relationship between them, observe the relevant multi-modal teaching and student learning, as well as multi-modal teaching to enhance students memory Have a facilitating role. Multi-modal theory.In foreign multi-modal theory it has now been widely used in language teaching, and gradually formed a unique theoretical system and research methods. Multimodal refers to mankind through the senses (sight, hearing, touch, etc.) interact with the external environment (people, machines, objects, etc.) between. In the information age and these different modes of reproduction plays the same role in the level of significance. Multi-modal theory and foreign language teaching are closely linked. On the one hand, foreign language teaching reform to promote the multi-modal theory in foreign language teaching practice. On the other hand, multi-modal theory, in turn, to the development of foreign language teaching reform provided an opportunity. Therefore, the introduction of writing in English classroom teaching multi-modal teaching methods, for teachers and students before class, during, and after the exchange, learning provide multi-faceted communication platform, independent of time, space and distance and other factors constraints, closer through text, images, audio, video and other network resources the distance between teachers and students, their communication is unimpeded, between students can also explore the pros and cons of the process of teaching and learning experience from each other, to increase the writing course interest in the teaching process can be controlled in perfect order, flipped class room fully accessible, easy to achieve the established teaching plans and teaching goal setting, to achieve good teaching results. Autonomous Learning Ability.Writing is an important part of language teaching and learning, whether Chinese or English, teaching of writing have become an important part of language teaching, improve writing skills for their future application in the language class related work or engaged in related research is is particularly important in the actual language teaching and learning process, writing has always been a difficulty. Scholars believe that student lack proper training and learning guidance system resulting in many students writing skills are relatively low. Multi-modal teaching model, teachers in many ways photos, videos and physical activities to stimulate learners senses and create scenarios, make full use of Internet and other modern media to regulate the classroom atmosphere, enhance classroom effect to mobilize students cognitive senses, for example, teachers in the classroom writing multi-modal information is presented to the relevant images, text, sound and other stimuli, flexibility and control over the validity of learning resources, to maximize the students immersed in the establishment language scenario to attract the attention of students, to stimulate students cognitive and acceptance of writing tasks, so as to achieve the desired effect of teaching writing. Based on College English Writing Class multimodal learning environment, teachers should abandon the language taught in single-mode input methods, should through auditory, visual and other means of teaching methods of online media to create a multi-dimensional dynamic language learning environment the students brain is stimulated by external stimuli, resulting in a positive learning effect. Self-learning in the classroom should reflect the student-centered, independent learning by students ability to self-analysis, exploration, practice, creation, to achieve to achieve learning objectives. Multi-modal self-learning mode.College English Writing Mode Multimode state for Students interest in writing and the promotion of writing self-learning ability is obvious. Specifically, students can take advantage of multi-modal model and the teachers computer network to provide media, the students complete their own conscious or cognitive activities, play the role of language acquisition, to achieve the conversion of knowledge into skills. In the whole writing part of autonomous learning, teachers play a leading role, plays the main role of the student, multimedia computer network played a good supporting role. Visible, College English Writing Mode Multimode state has played both inside and outside the classroom to promote a virtuous circle beneficial role in promoting the students English writing from passive to active, play a student initiative and enthusiasm for learning, teaching and learning to promote common progress and develop together. Meanwhile, the multi-modal autonomous learning of teachers and students to promote the implementation of the emotions, reduce their writing anxiety, improve students interest in learning, teamwork to enhance their knowledge and ability of college student practical ability. In addition, the angle of teaching practice, the principle of multi-modal reflect individualized is to respect individual differences of learners in the understanding of individual learners in language ability, cognitive style, motivation, attitude and personality and other aspects of the differences on the basis of carried out of suitable teaching methods and teaching mode. Although college English writing, multi-modal network media teaching platform Teaching Writing Course pointed out the direction, but we must also soberly aware that, to the network platform for some of the potential pitfalls of teaching needs to be sufficient attention, also committed to encouraging students to implement effective self-learning in multi-modal under. Only in this way, the network media Teaching Resources under the multi-modal can really provide maximum supplementary language learning platform for teachers and students. Conclusion A variety of multi-modal teaching activities can motivate the student, the student group discussions in the classroom, English debate, role play reading, educational games, create their own little drama in English, see pictures retell stories inspired little English students enthusiasm, and strengthen the cooperative learning groups, students Multi-literacies further improved. The first phase of the transition from traditional English teaching to the second stage of the multi-modal English teaching, teaching effect has been significantly improved. At the same time, students can use in their spare College English autonomous learning system, increasing the modal auditory and visual input modes, search the Internet and organize learning materials relevant to the subject, and in the classroom with PPT displayed, to cultivate and improve their English autonomous learning ability, creative thinking and the ability of the integrated use of English plays an important role. The effectiveness of multi-modal college English teaching model has been verified in teaching practice. University English multi-modal teaching mode changes the rigid traditional language teaching, monotonous, dull teaching atmosphere in class is introduced, except language non-verbal symbols, a combination of non-verbal form of images, video, music and other multi-modal symbol for the development of multi-modal teaching provided a new impetus to creating a new language teaching education information age. Meanwhile, the lack of research, such as the number of samples used in experimental studies is too small and a relatively short cycle, I expect to have more researchers to be amended in the future and improve teaching practice, in order to promote college English teaching deepening reform. References 1. Lu, Lu. The Application of British Parliamentary Debate in College English Classroom from Multimodal Perspective. 2013 International Conference on Advanced ICT and Education (ICAICTE-13). Atlantis Press, 2013. 2. Wang, Qian. A Case Study on College English TeacherS Non-Verbal Behaviours under the Setting of Multimodality. International Journal of English Language Teaching 3.6 (2015): 21-31. 3. Dryer, Dylan B., et al. Revising FYC Outcomes for a Multimodal, Digitally Composed World: The WPA Outcomes Statement for First-Year Composition (Version 3.0). WPA: Writing Program Administration-Journal of the Council of Writing Program Administrators 38.1 (2014). 4. Yan, S. U. N. Multimodal Teaching of An Introduction to British and American CultureBased on the Theory of Constructivism. Journal of Nanyang Normal University 7 (2014): 019. 5. McKenzie, Cori, Michael Macaluso, and Kati Macaluso. Finding Footholds in a Construction Zone: Navigating the Discourses of English Language Arts with Pre-Service Teachers in the 21st Century. Innovations in English Language Arts Teacher Education. Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2017. 5-26.

Michael Lehmans Heathers and Steve Jodrells Shame :: Films Movies Film Movie

Michael Lehman's Heathers and Steve Jodrell's Shame Throughout time the concept of gender and the corruption of power associated with it has been a very evident problem within society. Many texts have been designed to expose these issues and in particular the feature films’ Heathers, directed by Michael Lehman and Shame, by Steve Jodrell. Both these films have been heavily constructed in order to position us as the audience to take a very negative response towards the concepts of power and gender and further an ‘anti-conform’ attitude. Techniques such as narrative elements and codes and conventions have been used to mould these ideas and attitudes within the texts. Both the films Heathers and Shame can be deemed to be modern day Westerns however are quite subverted. They both develop the idea that conformity leads to tragic consequences. Heathers is set in an American high school, Westerburg, in 1988 and attacks the idea of a high school hierarchy, where four girls particularly one, Heather Chandler, has the power within the school. On the arrival of a new student, Jason Dean, Veronica, one of the four girls breaks away and conforms to Jason. As a result she is led to kill Heather Chandler and later the ‘footy jocks’ to make their school a better place. Shame on the other hand is set in a small outback, Western Australian country town, Ginobrak, in 1987. It deals with the issues of a small town mentality and that ‘boys will be boys’. As result of these concepts and issues, many young girls were raped and the town accepted this. As Asta, an outsider coming into town, stumbles across these rappings’, she helps and encourages a young girl, Lizzie to face the boys and lay legal charges. In both texts it takes and outsider the ‘hero’ figure to expose the corruption and help in acting as a catalyst to change. Gender relationships are a very explored issue within these texts. In a majority, anyone no matter if they are male or female who do not fit in or do not conform to stereotypes to an extent, can be cast out by that group. Whether it is, their looks, their behaviour, the way they dress, or the way they think and feel, they are judged as different. This ‘outcast’ idea is portrayed in both the films. In the two feature films, the most obvious ‘outcasts’ would be the two ‘hero figures’ the intruders into the created microcosm. Michael Lehman's Heathers and Steve Jodrell's Shame :: Films Movies Film Movie Michael Lehman's Heathers and Steve Jodrell's Shame Throughout time the concept of gender and the corruption of power associated with it has been a very evident problem within society. Many texts have been designed to expose these issues and in particular the feature films’ Heathers, directed by Michael Lehman and Shame, by Steve Jodrell. Both these films have been heavily constructed in order to position us as the audience to take a very negative response towards the concepts of power and gender and further an ‘anti-conform’ attitude. Techniques such as narrative elements and codes and conventions have been used to mould these ideas and attitudes within the texts. Both the films Heathers and Shame can be deemed to be modern day Westerns however are quite subverted. They both develop the idea that conformity leads to tragic consequences. Heathers is set in an American high school, Westerburg, in 1988 and attacks the idea of a high school hierarchy, where four girls particularly one, Heather Chandler, has the power within the school. On the arrival of a new student, Jason Dean, Veronica, one of the four girls breaks away and conforms to Jason. As a result she is led to kill Heather Chandler and later the ‘footy jocks’ to make their school a better place. Shame on the other hand is set in a small outback, Western Australian country town, Ginobrak, in 1987. It deals with the issues of a small town mentality and that ‘boys will be boys’. As result of these concepts and issues, many young girls were raped and the town accepted this. As Asta, an outsider coming into town, stumbles across these rappings’, she helps and encourages a young girl, Lizzie to face the boys and lay legal charges. In both texts it takes and outsider the ‘hero’ figure to expose the corruption and help in acting as a catalyst to change. Gender relationships are a very explored issue within these texts. In a majority, anyone no matter if they are male or female who do not fit in or do not conform to stereotypes to an extent, can be cast out by that group. Whether it is, their looks, their behaviour, the way they dress, or the way they think and feel, they are judged as different. This ‘outcast’ idea is portrayed in both the films. In the two feature films, the most obvious ‘outcasts’ would be the two ‘hero figures’ the intruders into the created microcosm.

Aig Case Solution

[pic] LEADERSHIP AT AIG: DOES STYLE MATTER? Case Overview This case deals with executive leadership styles. In particular, this case deals with American International Group, the world’s insurance company, and its CEO Maurice â€Å"Hank† Greenberg. Greenberg, an autocratic leader, was recently deposed by his board of directors after problems emerged regarding possible earning manipulation. It describes his leadership style, reasons his two sons (former employees) left the company, and Martin Sullivan, Greenberg’s successor. Like his former boss, Sullivan micromanages the organization, but is well liked by employees. Teaching Objectives ) To show students the impact of autocratic leadership style on employees. 2) To distinguish between micro and participative management in an organization. 3) To introduce the concept of leadership succession and its effects on organizations. Purpose This case presents various leadership styles used by CEOs. It suggests that executi ves who uses a more participative leadership style are more likely to create an effective employee workplace. Relationship to Part 4 The relationship of this case to part 4: leadership and its styles, possible motivation of employees through style, the encouragement of team work and communication.This case can draw on various theories in all four chapters of Part 4. Questions Question 1. AIG Chairman and CEO Maurice â€Å"Hank† Greenberg was considered an autocratic leader and a micromanager by many employees; yet the company grew dramatically during his reign as CEO. Does leadership style matter as long as the company performs well and shareholders are satisfied with their return on investment? Answer Leadership does matter. A company may perform well, and shareholders may be satisfied with their return on investment, but on another level this style of leadership may do irreparable hard to employee effectiveness and morale.Eventually autocratic leadership will take it toll o n the organization and its ability to operate effectively. Question 2. AIG’s new CEO Sullivan has been labeled a micromanager, but with a more pleasant personality. Can he, as a micromanager, develop a more participative leadership style? How? Answer It may be very difficult for a manager/leader to change his management and leadership style. There is indeed a time and place for autocratic leadership (e. g. , when time is limited), but we know that participative leadership often produces better results.While it is often difficult for executives (managers) to let go and delegate more to underlings, AIG’s new CEO Sullivan can learn to develop a more participative leadership style. He must begin to create more teams, motivate more employees to participate in corporate activities, and communicate more effective. In part, his micromanagement style may be a result of following Greenberg’s lead. As Sullivan becomes more comfortable in his new role, he should be able to delegate more effectively, especially if he is to deal with more strategic corporate issues. Leadership is a very important aspect that is prominent in our professional life.If a team is led by an effective good leader, the team is more likely to perform well as per the expectations of the project. On the other hand, if the leader is a person who just issues orders and commands the tasks to be done, the team is demotivated and does tend to perform less than they actually can. If you are a working professional, you might have got an idea about the types of leadership styles and techniques. The working and managing style of a leader plays a very important part in making the leadership role effective. There are various managers who adopt different leadership styles and methods for employee and process management.Each leadership style has its own methods, behavior, effects, and aspects. Participative leadership is a very significant leadership style that is most beneficial to employees, managers alike. What is Participative Leadership Style? As the name suggests, this leadership style relates to a method of having things done by involving team members in goals setting and decision making. Since there is an involvement of team members and employees in being a part of the management, this is by far the most useful management style in the business world.Though there is employee participation, the leader is handed over the responsibility of taking the final decision. In this corporate leadership style, the manager works with the team and not over the team, which is why he can determine even the minutest errors of the processes that have to be executed. Advantages of Participative Leadership Style There are many apparent and proven advantages of the participative leadership practice. A very important advantage is that employees and team members are motivated to work, because they realize that the management is ready to consider their suggestions and viewpoints.And if t here is such employee motivation, the team members happen to work more effectively than expected. This eventually has a good effect on the company's revenue. Secondly, since the manager becomes like a team member and takes part in the decision-making process, it has a good impact on teamwork. Thirdly, as more than one minds are working on goal setting and decision making, there is an all-round analysis of the possibilities of failures. Therefore, the manager can majorly rule out any errors and possibilities of failures in the project.You can say that there is a broader assessment of the situation which is to be worked upon. The result of participative leadership can also be effective decisions suggested by experts in the respective field. In this kind of business leadership, the manager does not only involve team members, but can also take guidance from his peers. One of the most suitable participative leadership examples can be when a manager divides project work in his team member s including himself, discusses the project requirements and expectations with the team leader and other members, and then they work on it collectively.Participative leadership surely increases employee satisfaction, reduces the workload of managers, and creates better teamwork; with all this eventually contributing to good worLeadership is a very important aspect that is prominent in our professional life. If a team is led by an effective good leader, the team is more likely to perform well as per the expectations of the project. On the other hand, if the leader is a person who just issues orders and commands the tasks to be done, the team is demotivated and does tend to perform less than they actually can.If you are a working professional, you might have got an idea about the types of leadership styles and techniques. The working and managing style of a leader plays a very important part in making the leadership role effective. There are various managers who adopt different leaders hip styles and methods for employee and process management. Each leadership style has its own methods, behavior, effects, and aspects. Participative leadership is a very significant leadership style that is most beneficial to employees, managers alike. What is Participative Leadership Style?As the name suggests, this leadership style relates to a method of having things done by involving team members in goals setting and decision making. Since there is an involvement of team members and employees in being a part of the management, this is by far the most useful management style in the business world. Though there is employee participation, the leader is handed over the responsibility of taking the final decision. In this corporate leadership style, the manager works with the team and not over the team, which is why he can determine even the minutest errors of the processes that have to be executed.Advantages of Participative Leadership Style There are many apparent and proven advant ages of the participative leadership practice. A very important advantage is that employees and team members are motivated to work, because they realize that the management is ready to consider their suggestions and viewpoints. And if there is such employee motivation, the team members happen to work more effectively than expected. This eventually has a good effect on the company's revenue. Secondly, since the manager becomes like a team member and takes part in the decision-making process, it has a good impact on teamwork.Thirdly, as more than one minds are working on goal setting and decision making, there is an all-round analysis of the possibilities of failures. Therefore, the manager can majorly rule out any errors and possibilities of failures in the project. You can say that there is a broader assessment of the situation which is to be worked upon. The result of participative leadership can also be effective decisions suggested by experts in the respective field. In this kind of business leadership, the manager does not only involve team members, but can also take guidance from his peers.One of the most suitable participative leadership examples can be when a manager divides project work in his team members including himself, discusses the project requirements and expectations with the team leader and other members, and then they work on it collectively. Participative leadership surely increases employee satisfaction, reduces the workload of managers, and creates better teamwork; with all this eventually contributing to good wor Question 3. Greenberg named his son Evan as the heir apparent. Yet, Greenberg never set a departure date.Should a good leader set a date for departure once a successor is named? Why? Why not? Answer Most of the time succession in organizations creates a host of problems. On the one hand, incumbent CEOs are less than willing to give up the power and prestige that accompany their position. On the other hand, the successor (heir ap parent) may be eager to assume the top position. If the successor has to wait too long for the top leadership position, he may decide to seek out a top level position in another company, and the company may lose a unique opportunity for a smooth leadership transition.CEOs should set a deadline for their departure so that all stakeholders are informed which can facilitate a change in leadership. LEADERSHIP AT AIG: Does Style Matter Question 1: AIG Chairman and CEO Maurice â€Å"Hank† Greenberg was consider an autocraticleader and micromanager by many employee, yet the company grew dramaticallyduring his reign as CEO. Does leadership style matter as long as the company  performs well and shareholders are satisfied with their return on investment?Leader is a person who led people towards to the common goal. In the process of managing anorganization, I believe leadership style is the one of important factor in deciding the performanceof the company. Leader’s style of lea dership changes according to the situation of the company. Based on managerial grid concept by Robert Blake and Jane Mouton, there are five style of  leadership that combine different degrees of concern for production and concern for people andthis five styles of leadership is shown in figure 1 below.In the case study, CEO Maurice â€Å"Hank†was more concern of production compare to the concern for people and of course, this kind of  leadership will produce good performance. That is why Maurice â€Å"Hank† able to bring thecompany from midlevel insurance company becomes the international company and give thesatisfaction towards the shareholders. However, to sustain the company at the same level,Maurice â€Å"Hank† kinds of leadership will causes the performance of the company to be declined  because lack of concern for people will affect the workers performance and this result would notsatisfy the shareholders.The workers in AIG will become less motivated due the pressure given  by the management practice by Maurice â€Å"Hank†. This style of leadership by Maurice â€Å"Hank† fallunder style of leadership â€Å"produce or perish† as shown in figure 1. As conclusion, the style of  leadership is the key player in determine the successful of a company. Question 2: AIG’s new CEO Sullivan has been labeled a micromanager, but with a more  pleasant personality. Can he as a micromanager, develop more participativeleadership style?How? Participative leadership style is defined as  leader  who involves his subordinatesin the process of   making decision such as setting goal, solving  problemand others, but retains the final  decision making  authority. By referring the case study, CEO Sullivan can develop more participative style leadership by segregating the works to his subordinates in order to enabling his subordinate to  play their role in the organizations and indirectly developing the trust between himself with his subordinate.This action will enable the workers especially his subordinate to create a feeling of  self-belonging towards the company. Once the trust is there, he should implement groupdiscussion or brainstorming before making any decision but while conducting the groupdiscussion, he should be the person who get all the buy-in from the group members. In the groupdiscussion, he should use his authority in deciding the decision and this kind of ways in making decision helps his subordinate to accept and thus implement the action with full enthusiasm.Besides that, he should often communicate with his workers through out the three layer of  management such as having chitchat with the workers during teatime in order to understand the needs of workers in the company and thus raise his level of concern towards people. As he developing his understanding towards his workers, he can easily delegate the works that suit the workers best and as the result, company p erformance increases and building the security towards the investor and the people in the company especially shareholders. Question 3:Greenberg named his son Evan as the heir apparent. Yet Greenberg never set adeparture date. Should a good leader set a date for departure? When should hename a successor? Every thing that starts must have an end. Leaders also have his own starts and ends in hisera of leadership. For my point of view, a good leader should set a date for his departure. This is  because a leader knows better his own limitation and capabilities. A leader should alsounderstand his abilities and weakness in managing the organization as the time passes by.I  believe that every leader would like to leave his position without tarnishing his reputation andintegrity. However, it is not wise action to take if he announced his name of successor long  before his departure date for the position. This is because the successor required a time for him toadapt with the changes in role and the leader himself required time to hand over and coaching hisnew successor to take over his positions but how long is the duration for the this process, it alldepends on the successor himself.Normally, a leader had already started to look for hissuccessor long before he announced his departure date. This is because to identify a good leader  does not happen in a single day. It will consume so much time and effort for leader to be bornand as been mention by Richard Arvey, a human resources and industrial relations professor inthe Carlson School of Management, â€Å"While environmental influences determine many of our  leadership behaviors and the roles we obtain, our genes still exert a sizable influence over  whether we will become leaders. That is why, I do believe that leadership is both inherited andacquired. As conclusion, a good leader always think three steps ahead, that’s why it is importantfor a good leader to prepare for his succession plan American International Group From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search â€Å"AIG† redirects here. For other uses, see AIG (disambiguation). |American International Group, Inc. |[pic] | |Type |Public | |Traded as |NYSE:  AIG | | |S&P 500 Component | |Industry |Insurance, Financial services | |Founded |Shanghai, China (1919)[1] | |Founder(s) |Cornelius Vander Starr | |Headquarters |American International Building, New York City, | | |New York, United States | |Area served |Worldwide | |Key people |Bob Benmosche | | |(President & CEO) | | |Robert Miller (Chairman)[2] | |Products |Insurance annuities, mutual funds | |Revenue |[pic]US$ 77. 301 billion (2010)[3] | |Operating income |[pic]US$ 17. 936 billion (2010)[3] | |Net income |[pic]US$ 7. 786 billion (2010)[3] | |Total assets |[pic]US$ 683. 443 billion (2010)[3] | |Total equity |[pic]US$ 113. 239 billion (2010)[3] | |Employees |96,000 (2010)[3] | |Website |AIG. com | American International Group, Inc. NYSE:  AIG) or AIG is an American multinational insurance corporation. Its corporate headquarters is located in the American International Building in New York City. The British headquarters office is on Fenchurch Street in London, continental Europe operations are based in La Defense, Paris, and its Asian headquarters office is in Hong Kong. According to the 2011 Forbes Global 2000 list, AIG was the 29th-largest public company in the world. [4][5] It was listed on the Dow Jones Industrial Average from April 8, 2004 to September 22, 2008. AIG suffered from a liquidity crisis when its credit ratings were downgraded below â€Å"AA† levels in September 2008.The United States Federal Reserve Bank on September 16, 2008 created an $85  billion credit facility to enable the company to meet increased collateral obligations consequent to the credit rating downgrade, in exchange for the issuance of a stock warrant to the Federal Reserve Bank for 79. 9% of the equity of AIG. The Federal Re serve Bank and the United States Treasury by May 2009 had increased the potential financial support to AIG, with the support of an investment of as much as $70  billion, a $60  billion credit line and $52. 5  billion to buy mortgage-based assets owned or guaranteed by AIG, increasing the total amount available to as much as $182. 5  billion. [6][7] AIG subsequently sold a number of its subsidiaries and other assets to pay down loans received, and continues to seek buyers of its assets. Contents | |  [hide]   | |1 History | |2 Business | |2. 1 Holdings | |2. 2 Auto insurance | |2. 3 Travel Insurance | |3 Financial crisis | |3. 1 Chronology of September 2008 liquidity crisis | |3. 2 Federal Reserve bailout | |3. Additional bailouts of 2008 | |3. 4 Counterparty controversy | |3. 5 Post-bailout expenditures | |3. 6 Settlement of credit default swaps | |3. 7 Sales of assets | |3. 8 Record losses | |3. 2009 employee bonus payments | |3. 10 Manchester United Sponsorshi p | |3. 11 Share buyback | |4 Litigation | |4. 1 Accounting fraud claims | |5 Corporate governance | |5. Board of directors | |6 See also | |7 Notes | |8 References and further reading | |9 External links | [edit] History [pic] [pic] The American International Building in Lower Manhattan. AIG history dates back to 1919, when Cornelius Vander Starr established an insurance agency in Shanghai, China.Starr was the first Westerner in Shanghai to sell insurance to the Chinese, which he continued to do until AIG left China in early 1949—as Mao Zedong led the advance of the Communist People's Liberation Army on Shanghai. [8][9] Starr then moved the company headquarters to its current home in New York City. [10] The company went on to expand, often through subsidiaries, into other markets, including other parts of Asia, Latin America, Europe, and the Middle East. [11] In 1962, Starr gave management of the company's lagging U. S. holdings to Maurice R. â€Å"Hank† Greenberg , who shifted its focus from personal insurance to high-margin corporate coverage. Greenberg focused on selling insurance through independent brokers rather than agents to eliminate agent salaries.Using brokers, AIG could price insurance according to its potential return even if it suffered decreased sales of certain products for great lengths of time with very little extra expense. In 1968, Starr named Greenberg his successor. The company went public in 1969. [12] Beginning in 2005, AIG became embroiled in a series of fraud investigations conducted by the Securities and Exchange Commission, U. S. Justice Department, and New York State Attorney General's Office. Greenberg was ousted amid an accounting scandal in February 2005; he is still fighting civil charges being pursued by New York state. [13][14][15] The New York Attorney General's investigation led to a $1.   billion fine for AIG and criminal charges for some of its executives. [16] Greenberg was succeeded as CEO by Martin J. Sullivan, who had begun his career at AIG as a clerk in its London office in 1970. [17] On June 15, 2008, after disclosure of financial losses and subsequent to a falling stock price, Sullivan resigned and was replaced by Robert B. Willumstad, Chairman of the AIG Board of Directors since 2006. Willumstad was forced by the US government to step down and was replaced by Edward M. Liddy on September 17, 2008. [18] AIG's board of directors named Robert Benmosche CEO on August 3, 2009 to replace Mr. Liddy, who earlier in the year announced his retirement. [19] [edit] Business [edit] HoldingsFurther information: Holdings of American International Group In the United States, AIG is the largest underwriter of commercial and industrial insurance, and AIG acquired American General Life Insurance in August 2001. [20] [edit] Auto insurance AIG sold auto insurance policies through its subsidiary unit, AIG Direct (aka aigdirect. com). The policies they offered included insurance for private au tomobiles, motorcycles, recreational vehicles and commercial vehicles. AIG purchased the remaining 39% that it did not own of online auto insurance specialist 21st Century Insurance in 2007 for $749  million. [21] With the failure of the parent company and the continuing recession in late 2008, AIG rebranded its insurance unit to 21st Century Insurance. 22][23] In April 2009 it was announced that AIG was selling the 21st Century Insurance subsidiary to Farmers Insurance Group for $1. 9  billion. [24] [edit] Travel Insurance Main article: AIG Travel Guard AIG sells travelers insurance internationally through Travel Guard, headquartered in Stevens Point, Wisconsin. [edit] Financial crisis Further information: Subprime mortgage crisis,  Financial crisis of 2007–2010,  and  Liquidity crisis of September 2008 [edit] Chronology of September 2008 liquidity crisis On September 16, 2008, AIG suffered a liquidity crisis following the downgrade of its credit rating. Industry p ractice permits firms with the highest credit ratings to enter swaps without depositing collateral with their trading counter-parties.When its credit rating was downgraded, the company was required to post additional collateral with its trading counter-parties, and this led to an AIG liquidity crisis. AIG's London unit sold credit protection in the form of credit default swaps (CDSs) on collateralized debt obligations (CDOs) that had by that time declined in value. [25] The United States Federal Reserve Bank announced the creation of a secured credit facility of up to US$85  billion, to prevent the company's collapse by enabling AIG to meet its obligations to deliver additional collateral to its credit default swap trading partners. The credit facility provided a structure to loan as much as US$85  billion, secured by the stock n AIG-owned subsidiaries, in exchange for warrants for a 79. 9% equity stake, and the right to suspend dividends to previously issued common and preferre d stock. [17][26][27] AIG announced the same day that its board accepted the terms of the Federal Reserve Bank's rescue package and secured credit facility. [28] This was the largest government bailout of a private company in U. S. history, though smaller than the bailout of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac a week earlier. [29][30] AIG's share prices had fallen over 95% to just $1. 25 by September 16, 2008, from a 52-week high of $70. 13. [citation needed] The company reported over $13. 2  billion in losses in the first six months of the year. 31][32] The AIG Financial Products division headed by Joseph Cassano, in London, had entered into credit default swaps to insure $441  billion worth of securities originally rated AAA. Of those securities, $57. 8  billion were structured debt securities backed by subprime loans. [33] CNN named Cassano as one of the â€Å"Ten Most Wanted: Culprits† of the 2008 financial collapse in the United States. [34] As Lehman Brothers (the largest bankruptcy in U. S. history at that time) suffered a catastrophic decline in share price, investors began comparing the types of securities held by AIG and Lehman, and found that AIG had valued its Alt-A and sub-prime mortgage-backed securities at 1. 7 to 2 times the values used by Lehman which weakened investors' confidence in AIG. 31] On September 14, 2008, AIG announced it was considering selling its aircraft leasing division, International Lease Finance Corporation, to raise cash. [31] The Federal Reserve hired Morgan Stanley to determine if there are systemic risks to a financial failure of AIG, and asked private entities to supply short-term bridge loans to the company. In the meantime, New York regulators allowed AIG to borrow $20  billion from its subsidiaries. [35][36] At the stock market's opening on September 16, 2008, AIG's stock dropped 60 percent. [37] The Federal Reserve continued to meet that day with major Wall Street investment firms, hoping to broker a deal for a non-governmental $75  billion line of credit to the company. 38] Rating agencies Moody's and Standard and Poor downgraded AIG's credit ratings on concerns over likely continuing losses on mortgage-backed securities. The credit rating downgrade forced the company to deliver collateral of over $10  billion to certain creditors and CDS counter-parties. [39] The New York Times later reported that talks on Wall Street had broken down and AIG may file for bankruptcy protection on Wednesday, September 17. [40] Just before the bailout by the US Federal Reserve, AIG former CEO Maurice (Hank) Greenberg sent an impassioned letter to AIG CEO Robert B. Willumstad offering his assistance in any way possible, ccing the Board of Directors. His offer was rebuffed. [41] [edit] Federal Reserve bailoutOn the evening of September 16, 2008, the Federal Reserve Bank's Board of Governors announced that the Federal Reserve Bank of New York had been authorized to create a 24-month credit-liquidity faci lity from which AIG could draw up to $85  billion. The loan was collateralized by the assets of AIG, including its non-regulated subsidiaries and the stock of â€Å"substantially all† of its regulated subsidiaries, and with an interest rate of 850 basis points over the three-month London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) (i. e. , LIBOR plus 8. 5%). In exchange for the credit facility, the U. S. government received warrants for a 79. 9 percent equity stake in AIG, with the right to suspend the payment of dividends to AIG common and preferred shareholders. [17][27] The credit facility was created under the auspices of Section 13(3) of the Federal Reserve Act. 27][42][43] AIG's board of directors announced approval of the loan transaction in a press release the same day. The announcement did not comment on the issuance of a warrant for 79. 9% of AIG's equity, but the AIG 8-K filing of September 18, 2008, reporting the transaction to the Securities and Exchange Commission stated t hat a warrant for 79. 9% of AIG shares had been issued to the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve. [17][28][44] AIG drew down US$ 28  billion of the credit-liquidity facility on September 17, 2008. [45] On September 22, 2008, AIG was removed from the Dow Jones Industrial Average. [46] An additional $37. 8  billion credit facility was established in October.As of October 24, AIG had drawn a total of $90. 3  billion from the emergency loan, of a total $122. 8  billion. [47] Maurice Greenberg, former CEO of AIG, on September 17, 2008, characterized the bailout as a nationalization of AIG. He also stated that he was bewildered by the situation and was at a loss over how the entire situation got out of control as it did. [48] On September 17, 2008, Federal Reserve Board chair Ben Bernanke asked Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson join him, to call on members of Congress, to describe the need for a congressionally authorized bailout of the nation's banking system. Weeks later, Congress approved the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008.Bernanke said to Paulson on September 17, â€Å"We can’t keep doing this. Both because we at the Fed don’t have the necessary resources and for reasons of democratic legitimacy, it's important that the Congress come in and take control of the situation. â€Å"[49] [edit] Additional bailouts of 2008 From mid September till early November, AIG's credit-default spreads were steadily rising, implying the company was heading for default. [50][51] On November 10, 2008, the U. S. Treasury announced it would purchase $40  billion in newly issued AIG senior preferred stock, under the authority of the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act's Troubled Asset Relief Program. 52][53][54] The FRBNY announced that it would modify the September 16 secured credit facility; the Treasury investment would permit a reduction in its size from $85  billion to $60  billion, and that the FRBNY would extend the life of the facility from three to five years, and change the interest rate from 8. 5% plus the three-month London interbank offered rate (LIBOR) for the total credit facility, to 3% plus LIBOR for funds drawn down, and 0. 75% plus LIBOR for funds not drawn, and that AIG would create two off- balance-sheet Limited Liability Companies (LLC) to hold AIG assets: one to act as an AIG Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities Facility and the second to act as an AIG Collateralized Debt Obligations Facility. [52][54]Federal officials said the $40  billion investment would ultimately permit the government to reduce the total exposure to AIG to $112  billion from $152  billion. 52] On December 15, 2008, the Thomas More Law Center filed suit to challenge the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, alleging that it unconstitutionally promotes Islamic law (Sharia) and religion. The lawsuit was filed because AIG provides Takaful Insurance Plans, which, according to the company, avoid investments a nd transactions that are†un-Islamic†. [55][56] As of January 2012, TARP had about $50 billion invested in AIG according to one report. Break even for the government was figured at $28. 73 a share v. then-current share price of about $25. [57] [edit] Counterparty controversy AIG was required to post additional collateral with many creditors and ounter-parties, touching off controversy when over $100  billion was paid out to major global financial institutions that had previously received TARP money. While this money was legally owed to the banks by AIG (under agreements made via credit default swaps purchased from AIG by the institutions), a number of Congressmen and media members expressed outrage that taxpayer money was going to these banks through AIG. [58] In January, 2010, a document known as â€Å"Schedule A – List of Derivative Transactions† was released to the public, against the wishes of the New York Fed. It listed many of the insurance deals tha t AIG had with various other parties, such as Goldman Sachs, Societe Generale, Deutsche Bank, and Merrill Lynch. 59][60] Had AIG been allowed to fail in a controlled manner through bankruptcy, bondholders and derivative counterparties (major banks) would have suffered significant losses, limiting the amount of taxpayer funds directly used. Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke argued: â€Å"If a federal agency had [appropriate authority] on September 16, [2008], they could have been used to put AIG into conservatorship or receivership, unwind it slowly, protect policyholders, and impose haircuts on creditors and counterparties as appropriate. That outcome would have been far preferable to the situation we find ourselves in now. â€Å"[61] [edit] Post-bailout expenditures The week following the September bailout, AIG employees and distributors participated in a California retreat which cost $444,000 and featured spa treatments, banquets, and golf outings. 62][63] It was reported that the trip was a reward for top-performing life-insurance agents planned before the bailout. [64] Less than 24 hours after the news of the party was first reported by the media, it was reported that the Federal Reserve had agreed to give AIG an additional loan of up to $37. 8  billion. [65] AP reported on October 17 that AIG executives spent $86,000 on a previously scheduled English hunting trip. News of the lavish spending came just days after AIG received an additional $37. 8  billion loan from the Federal Reserve, on top of a previous $85  billion emergency loan granted the month before. Regarding the hunting trip, the company responded, â€Å"We regret that this event was not canceled. [66] An October 30, 2008 article from CNBC reported that AIG had already drawn upon $90  billion of the $123  billion allocated for loans. [67] On November 10, 2008, just a few days before renegotiating another bailout with the US Government for $40  billion, ABC News reported that AIG spent $34 3,000 on a trip to a lavish resort in Phoenix, Arizona. [68] [edit] Settlement of credit default swaps On October 22, 2008, those creditors of Lehman Brothers who bought credit default swaps to hedge them against Lehman bankruptcy settled those accounts. The net payments were $5. 2  billion[69] even though initial estimates of the amount of the settlement were between $100  billion and $400  billion. 70] By December 2008, AIG had paid at least $18. 7  billion to various financial institutions, including Goldman Sachs and Societe Generale to retire obligations related to credit default swaps (CDS). As much as $53. 5  billion related to swap payouts are part of the bailout. [71] On March 15, 2009, under mounting pressure from Congress and after consultation with the Federal Reserve, AIG disclosed a list of major recipients of collateral postings and payments under credit default swaps, guaranteed investment agreements, and securities lending agreements. [72] Below is data fr om one of the charts AIG released, representing only a portion of the total payouts, over a period of a few months. AIG collateral postings to credit default swap counterparties, from the period September 16, 2008 to | |December 31, 2008[73] | |Counterparty |US $ posted |Counterparty |US $ posted | |Societe Generale |$4,100,000,000 |Deutsche Bank |$2,600,000,000 | |Goldman Sachs |$2,500,000,000 |Merrill Lynch |$1,800,000,000 | |Calyon |$1,100,000,000 |Barclays |$900,000,000 | |UBS |$800,000,000 |DZ Bank |$700,000,000 | |Wachovia |$700,000,000 |Rabobank |$500,000,000 | |KFW |$500,000,000 |JPMorgan |$400,000,000 | |Banco Santander |$300,000,000 |Danske Bank |$200,000,000 | |Reconstruction Finance |$200,000,000 |HSBC Bank |$200,000,000 | |Corporation[74] | | | |Morgan Stanley |$200,000,000 |Bank of America |$200,000,000 | |Bank of Montreal |$200,000,000 |Royal Bank of Scotland |$200,000,000 | |Other (unknown) |$4,100,000,000 | | | [edit] Sales of assets AIG since September 2008 has ma rketed its assets to pay off its government loans. A global decline in the valuation of insurance businesses, and the weakening financial condition of potential bidders, has challenged its efforts. If the U. S. government decides to continue to protect the company from falling into bankruptcy, it may have to take the assets itself in exchange for the loans, or offer further direct financial support. 75] As of September 6, 2009, The Wall Street Journal reported that Pacific Century Group had agreed to pay $500  million for a part of American International Group's asset management business, and that they also expected to pay an additional $200  million to AIG in carried interest and other payments linked to future performance of the business. [76] Also in 2009, AIG sold its operations in Colombia to Ecuador's Banco del Pichincha. On March 1, 2010, insurance company Prudential confirmed that it was in advanced negotiations to buy the Asian operations of AIG. [77] Prudential was to buy the pan-Asian life insurance company, American International Assurance (AIA), for approximately $35. 5  billion. 78] On June 1, 2010 the deal failed because AIG would not accept the $30. 5  billion after Prudential lowered the amount by $5  billion from the originally planned $35. 5  billion after Prudential shareholder discontent. [79] AIG agreed on March 8, 2010, to sell its American Life Insurance Co. unit (ALICO) to MetLife Inc. for $15. 5  billion in cash and stock by November 1, 2010. Alico has annuities, life and health insurance operations in Japan, Middle East (including Nepal, Bangladesh and Pakistan), Western and Eastern Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean. AIG said it will sell Alico for $6. 8  billion in cash and the remainder in MetLife equity.The deal leaves AIG as the second-largest shareholder of MetLife, with a stake of more than 20% in the company. On March 29, 2010, Bloomberg L. P. reported that after almost three months of delays, AIG had com pleted the $500  million sale of a portion of its asset management business, branded PineBridge Investments, to the Asia-based Pacific Century Group. [80] On September 30, 2010, AIG announced an agreement to sell two of its life insurance companies in Japan, AIG Star and AIG Edison, to Prudential Financial for $4. 2  billion in cash and $600  million in the assumption of third party debt to help repay some of the money owed to the U. S. government. 81] On November 1, 2010, AIG announced it had raised $36. 71  billion from the sale of ALICO and an initial public offering for AIA. The company will use the proceeds Federal Reserve Bank of New York credit facility and make payments on other interests owned by the government. [82] On September 2, 2011, AIG filed with the SEC to spin off their aircraft leasing firm, International Lease Finance Corporation (ILFC), in an initial public offering. [83] [edit] Record losses On March 2, 2009, AIG reported a fourth quarter loss of $61. 7 bn (? 43bn) and revenue of ? $23. 7bn ( 16. 2bn) for the final three months of 2008. This was the largest quarterly loss in corporate history at that time. 84] The announcement of the loss had an impact on morning trading in Europe and Asia, with the FTSE100, DAX and Nikkei all suffering sharp falls. In the US the Dow Jones Industrial Average fell to below 7000 points, a twelve-year low. [85][86] The news of the loss came the day after the U. S. Treasury Department had confirmed that AIG was to get an additional $30  billion in aid, on top of the $150  billion it has already received. [87] The Treasury Department suggested that the potential losses to the US and global economy would be ‘extremely high' if it were to collapse[88] and has suggested that if in future there is no improvement, it will invest more money into the company, as it is unwilling to allow it to fail. 89] The firm's position as not just a domestic insurer, but also one for small businesses and many list ed firms, has prompted US officials to suggest its demise could be ‘disastrous' and the Federal Reserve said that AIG posed a ‘systemic risk' to the global economy. [84] The fourth quarter result meant the company made a $99. 29  billion loss for the whole of 2008,[88] with five consecutive quarters of losses costing the company well over $100  billion. [89] In a testimony before the Senate Budget Committee on March 3, 2009, the Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke stated that â€Å"AIG exploited a huge gap in the regulatory system,† †¦ and â€Å"to nobody's surprise, made irresponsible bets and took huge losses†. [90] [edit] 2009 employee bonus paymentsMain article: AIG bonus payments controversy In March 2009, AIG announced that they were paying $165  million in executive bonuses. Total bonuses for the financial unit could reach $450  million and bonuses for the entire company could reach $1. 2  billion. [91] President Barack Obama, who vo ted for the AIG bailout as a Senator[92] responded to the planned payments by saying â€Å"[I]t's hard to understand how derivative traders at AIG warranted any bonuses, much less $165  million in extra pay. How do they justify this outrage to the taxpayers who are keeping the company afloat? † and â€Å"In the last six months, AIG has received substantial sums from the U. S. Treasury.I’ve asked Secretary Geithner to use that leverage and pursue every legal avenue to block these bonuses and make the American taxpayers whole. â€Å"[93] [pic] [pic] Protester outside 60 Wall Street Deutsche Bank's US main office in the wake of the bonus controversy is interviewed by news media. Politicians on both sides of the Congressional aisle reacted with outrage to the planned bonuses. Senator Chuck Grassley (R-Iowa) said â€Å"I would suggest the first thing that would make me feel a little bit better toward them if they'd follow the Japanese example and come before the Americ an people and take that deep bow and say, I'm sorry, and then either do one of two things: resign or go commit suicide. [94] Senator Chuck Schumer (D-New York) accused AIG of â€Å"Alice in Wonderland business practices† and said â€Å"It boggles the mind. † He has threatened to tax the bonuses at up to 100%. [95] Senator Richard Shelby (R-Alabama) said â€Å"These people brought this on themselves. Now you're rewarding failure. A lot of these people should be fired, not awarded bonuses. This is horrible. It's outrageous. â€Å"[96] Senator Mitch McConnell (R-Kentucky) echoed his comments, saying â€Å"This is an outrage. â€Å"[97] Senator Jon Tester (D-Montana) said â€Å"This is ridiculous. † and AIG executives â€Å"need to understand that the only reason they even have a job is because of the taxpayers. â€Å"[98] Senator Dick Durbin (D-Illinois) said â€Å"I've had it. and â€Å"The fact that they continue to do it while we pour in billions of doll ars is indefensible. â€Å"[99] Representative Barney Frank (D-Massachusetts), Chairman of the House Financial Services Committee, said paying these bonuses would be â€Å"rewarding incompetence†[98] and â€Å"These people may have a right to their bonuses. They don't have a right to their jobs forever. â€Å"[96] Representative Mark Kirk (R-Illinois) said â€Å"AIG should not be on welfare from Uncle Sam, and yet paying bonuses and transferring a considerable amount of taxpayer funds to entities overseas. â€Å"[99] Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke said â€Å"It makes me angry. I slammed the phone more than a few times on discussing AIG. [96] Lawrence Summers, Director of the National Economic Council, said â€Å"The easy thing would be to just say, you know, ‘Off with their heads,’ and violate the contracts, but you have to think about the consequences of breaking contracts for the overall system of law. †[100] Austan Goolsbee, of the Council of Economic Advisers said â€Å"I don't know why they would follow a policy that's really not sensible, is obviously going to ignite the ire of millions of people. † and â€Å"You worry about that backlash. â€Å"[101] Political commentators and journalists expressed an equally bipartisan outrage. [94][102][103][104][104][105][106][107][108][109][110] On March 24, 2009, The New York Times printed the resignation letter of Jake DeSantis, executive vice president of AIG's financial products unit, to Edward M. Liddy, the chief executive of AIG.DeSantis stated he had nothing to do with the credit default swaps, he lost much of his life savings in the form of deferred compensation invested in the capital of AIG Financial Products; he had agreed to work for an annual salary of $1 out of a sense of duty, that he was assured many times the bonuses would be paid in March 2009, and that he believed he and others were let down by Liddy's lack of support. He also stated he was going to donate his bonus to those suffering from the global economic downturn. [111] It was reported that Senator Christopher Dodd (D-Con) (who first denied, then admitted to amending the legislation to allow the AIG bonuses), received $160,000 from employees of AIG. [112][113][114][115] A memo issued in 2006 by Joseph Cassano, AIGFinancial Products chief executive, urged AIG employees to donate to Dodd, saying that as â€Å"next in line to become chairman of the Senate Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Committee†¦ Senator Dodd will now have the opportunity to set the committee's agenda on issues critical to the financial services industry. â€Å"[116] [edit] Manchester United Sponsorship AIG was the principal sponsor of English football club Manchester United from 2006–2010, and as part of the sponsorship deal, its logo was prominently displayed on the front of the club's jerseys and other merchandise. The AIG deal was announced by Manchester United chief executive David G ill on April 6, 2006, for a British shirt sponsorship record ? 56. 5  million, to be paid over four years (? 14. 1  million a year).The deal became the most valuable sponsorship deal in the world in September 2006, after the renegotiation and subsequent degrading of the ? 15  million-a-year deal Italian team Juventus had with oil firm Tamoil. During AIG's sponsorship, Manchester United enjoyed one of its most successful periods in history, winning the Premier League three consecutive years, two Football League Cups, and the UEFA Champions League. [citation needed] On January 21, 2009, it was announced that AIG would not be renewing its sponsorship of the club at the end of the deal in May 2010. It is not clear, however, whether or not AIG's agreement to run MU Finance will continue.American risk consulting firm Aon Corporation was named the club's new principal sponsor on June 3, 2009, with its sponsorship of the club taking effect from the beginning of the 2010–11 seas on. The terms of the deal were not revealed, but it has been reported to be worth approximately ? 80  million over four years. [citation needed] [edit] Share buyback Due to the Q3 2011 net loss widened, so on November 3, 2011 the AIG shares has plunged 49 percent year to date. The insurer's board has approved the share buyback of as much as $1 billion. [117] [edit] Litigation |[pic] |This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable | | |sources.Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2008) | In November 2004, AIG reached a US$126  million settlement with the U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission and the Justice Department partly resolving a number of regulatory matters, but the company must still cooperate with investigators continuing to probe the sale of a non-traditional insurance product. [118] On June 11, 2008, three stockholders, collectively owning 4% of the outstanding stock of AIG, delivered a letter to the Board of Directors of AIG seeking to oust CEO Martin Sullivan and make certain other management and Board of Directors changes.This letter was the latest volley in what the Wall Street Journal deemed a â€Å"public spat† between the Company's Board and management, on the one hand, and its key stockholders, and former CEO Maurice â€Å"Hank† Greenberg on the other hand. [119] Death Bet Circa 2010 the WSJ reported that a family sued AIG for alleged complicity in a ‘stranger-originated life insurance' scheme, whereby AIG managers allegedly welcomed people without an insurable interest to take out life insurance policies against others. The case involved JB Carlson and Germaine Tomlinson, and was one of many similar lawsuits in the US at the time. [120] [edit] Accounting fraud claimsOn October 14, 2004 the New York State Office of Attorney General Eliot Spitzer announced that it had commenced a civil action against Marsh & McLennan Companies for steering clients to preferred insurers with whom the company maintained lucrative payoff agreements, and for soliciting rigged bids for insurance contracts from the insurers. The Attorney General announced in a release that two AIG executives pleaded guilty to criminal charges in connection with this illegal course of conduct. In early May 2005, AIG restated its financial position and issued a reduction in book value of USD $2. 7  billion, a 3. 3 percent reduction in net worth. On February 9, 2006, AIG and the New York State Attorney General's office agreed to a settlement in which AIG would pay a fine of $1. 6  billion. [121] [edit] Corporate governance [edit] Board of directors